Adenocarcinoma mucinoso del canal anal: caso clínico y cómo evitar el error en su diagnóstico / Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the anal canal: clinical case and how to avoid errors in its diagnosis / Adenocarcinoma mucinoso do canal anal: caso clínico e como evitar erros no seu diagnóstico

El manejo del adenocarcinoma de recto se ha visto revolucionado por la cirugía mesorectal y la neoadyuvancia al igual que el cáncer epidermoide de ano con el protocolo de Nigro. Sin embargo, los adenocarcinomas de ano constituyen una patología infrecuente, relacionada con procesos inflamatorios crónicos como las fístulas perianales y cuyo tratamiento genera controversias. El desconocimiento de sus características clínicas e imagenológicas puede generar una confusión diagnóstica principalmente con un absceso perianal. Presentamos el caso clínico de un adenocarcinoma de canal anal en relación a una fístula perianal crónica y una revisión de la literatura actual sobre el tema.

The mesorectal surgery and the neoadyuvant treatment have changed the management of rectal adenocarcinoma. The Nigro protocol had the same impact on the squamous cell cancer of the anus. However, the adenocarcinoma of the anus is an infrequent pathology, related to chronic inflammatory processes such as perianal fistulas and its treatment generates controversy. The lack of knowledge about clinical and imaging characteristics of this pathology can lead to diagnostic confusion, mainly with a perianal abscess. We hereby present the clinical case of an anal canal adenocarcinoma in relation to a chronic perianal fistula and a review of the current literature on the subject.

O manejo do adenocarcinoma retal foi revolucionado pela cirurgia mesorretal e pelo tratamento neoadjuvante, assim como o câncer de células escamosas do ânus com o protocolo Nigro. Entretanto, os adenocarcinomas do ânus são uma patologia pouco frequente, relacionada a processos inflamatórios crônicos como as fístulas perianais e cujo tratamento gera controvérsias. O desconhecimento de suas características clínicas e de imagem pode levar a uma confusão diagnóstica, principalmente com o abscesso perianal. Apresentamos o caso clínico de um adenocarcinoma do canal anal relacionado a uma fístula perianal crônica e uma revisão da literatura atual sobre o assunto.

Manejo con cirugía conservadora de tumor mucinoso infiltrante ovárico coexistente con tumor mucinoso borderline contralateral en gestante de 8 semanas / Conservative surgery for management of invasive mucinous ovarian tumor with concurrent borderline mucinous tumor on contralateral ovary in a woman in 8th week of pregnancy

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aproximadamente un 4% de mujeres embarazadas presentan tumoraciones anexiales en el primer trimestre de gestación, siendo la mayoría quistes anexiales simples. Solo el 1,5% persisten tras el primer trimestre y en torno al 0,9% son malignos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 31 años que consultó en urgencias por sangrado y amenorrea de 5 semanas. La ecografía transvaginal evidenció un saco gestacional intraútero y una tumoración anexial izquierda compleja de 68 mm, multilocular, sólida, de ecogenicidad mixta, con septos gruesos y un área sólida vascularizada de 40 mm, sospechosa de neoplasia de ovario. Se realizó manejo quirúrgico conservador mediante anexectomía bilateral laparoscópica en la octava semana de gestación. El diagnóstico fue de adenocarcinoma mucinoso infiltrante bien diferenciado en ovario derecho, coexistente con tumor mucinoso borderline en ovario izquierdo (etapa IC FIGO). El embarazo cursó con normalidad, a excepción de feto pequeño para la edad gestacional en la semana 39. Se finalizó la gestación en la semana 40 mediante parto vaginal. Debido al deseo de la paciente, la cirugía se realizó en el primer trimestre de embarazo en lugar de en el segundo como se recomienda. La cirugía se completó meses después del parto, con histerectomía y apendicectomía laparoscópica. DISCUSIÓN: El cáncer de ovario es el segundo tumor ginecológico más diagnosticado durante el embarazo. Suele diagnosticarse en el primer trimestre debido al cribado ecográfico gestacional. Ocurre en mujeres con baja paridad y en sus últimos años de edad reproductiva. Esto podría verse reflejado en un aumento de su incidencia debido al retraso de la edad materna al primer embarazo. Normalmente se diagnostica en etapa I, siendo entonces la supervivencia superior al 90% a los 5 años. En etapas iniciales en mujeres embarazadas, la laparoscopia es tan válida como la laparotomía.

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 4% of pregnant women present adnexal tumors in the first trimester of gestation, the majority being simple adnexal cysts. Only 1.5% persist after the first trimester and around 0.9% are malignant. CASE REPORT: 31-year-old patient who came to the emergency room because of spotting and 5-week amenorrhea. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed an intrauterine gestational sac and a 69 mm complex multiocular-solid left adnexal tumor, with thick septa and a solid vascularized area of 40 mm, with suspicion of ovarian neoplasia. Conservative surgical management was performed through laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in eighth week of gestation. The diagnosis was a well-differentiated infiltrating mucinous adenocarcinoma in the right ovary, and a coexisting borderline mucinous tumor in the left ovary (FIGO stage IC). The pregnancy proceeded normally except for a small for gestational age fetus at week 39 and pregnancy was completed at week 40 by vaginal delivery. Due to the patients wishes, the surgery was performed in the 1st trimester of pregnancy instead in the 2nd as is recommended. Final surgery was completed after giving birth, with laparoscopic hysterectomy and appendectomy. DISCUSSION: Ovarian cancer is the second most diagnosed gynecological tumor during pregnancy. It is usually diagnosed during the first trimester with gestational ultrasound screening. It occurs in women with low parity and in their later years of reproductive age. This could be reflected in an increase in its incidence due to the delay in the age of first pregnancy. Normally it is diagnosed in stage I, when the survival rate is superior to 90% after 5 years. In early stages, laparoscopic surgery in pregnant women is as valid as laparotomy.

Histerectomia radical após parto cesáreo por adenocarcinoma de colo uterino: relato de caso / Radical hysterectomy after c-section in cervical adenocarcinoma: a case report

Mundialmente, o câncer de colo uterino ocupa o quarto lugar das neoplasias em mulheres, porém, nos países em desenvolvimento, as taxas de incidência superam de forma impactante os casos de países desenvolvidos. Apesar de ser um evento incomum durante a gestação, é cada vez mais observado, o que talvez possa ser atribuído às gestações programadas em idades mais avançadas. O caso descrito refere-se a uma paciente de 32 anos de idade, diagnosticada no terceiro trimestre da gestação com adenocarcinoma de origem endocervical com estadiamento anatomopatológico final (FIGO 2018) 1B2. Ela foi submetida à abordagem cirúrgica como tratamento inicial. Foi adotada como conduta a resolução da gestação, com boa vitalidade fetal, ao final da 34ª semana, após corticoterapia para maturação pulmonar fetal. Foi realizado parto cesariano seguido de histerectomia radical tipo C1 na classificação de Querleu e Morrow associado a linfadenectomia pélvica, no mesmo ato operatório.(AU)

Worldwide, cervical cancer ranks fourth in female cancers, but when assessing data from developing countries, incidence rates are significantly higher than in developed countries. Although it is an uncommon event during pregnancy, it is increasingly observed, which may perhaps be justified due to pregnancies postponed at older ages. The case described relates to a 32-year-old woman diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy with endocervical adenocarcinoma, whose final anatomopathological staging (FIGO 2018) was IB2. The same was submitted to the surgical approach as an initial treatment. It was adopted as a conduct, the resolution of pregnancy, with good fetal viability, at the end of the 34th week, after corticosteroid therapy for fetal lung maturation. The patient underwent cesarean section followed by radical type C1 hysterectomy in the classification of Querleu and Morrow associated with pelvic lymphadenectomy in the same surgery.(AU)

Simultaneous thoracoscopic approach in a patient with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation and primary lung cancer: the first described case

Abstract Cardiac rhythm disorders are common in many patients with cancer. The management of synchronous long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation and pulmonary lesions remains a serious surgical dilemma due to the lack of clinical data and surgical guidelines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of simultaneous thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy and left atrial posterior wall and pulmonary vein isolation combined with left atrial appendage resection in a patient with early-stage primary lung cancer and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation.

Carcinoma mucinoso primario de piel / Primary mucinous skin carcinoma

El adenocarcinoma mucinoso primario de piel es una neoplasia anexial, maligna e infrecuente, que afecta principalmente a hombres en una relación 2:1 con respecto a las mujeres. Presenta mayor incidencia entre la sexta y séptima década de la vida, y se manifiesta como un tumor único, asintomático, de tamaño variable. La localización más frecuente es la región periorbitaria y el cuero cabelludo. Se comunica el caso de una paciente de 92 años, con diagnóstico de carcinoma mucinoso primario de piel, sin evidencia de enfermedad sistémica ni recurrencia local al año de la resección por cirugía micrográfica de Mohs. Describimos sus principales características clínicas, dermatoscópicas y hallazgos histopatológicos. (AU)

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the skin is an adnexal, malignant, and infrequent neoplasm that mainly affects men with a 2: 1 ratio, with respect to women. It presents higher incidence between the sixth and seventh decade of life, and manifests as a single tumor, asymptomatic, of variable size. The most frequent location is the periorbital region and scalp. We report the case of a 92-year-old patient with a diagnosis of primary mucinous skin carcinoma, without evidence of systemic disease or local recurrence one year after resection by Mohs micrographic surgery. We describe its main clinical features, dermatoscopic and histopathological findings. (AU)

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from recurrent perianal fistula in patient with Crohn's disease: case report / Adenocarcinoma mucinoso surgindo de fístula perianal recidivante de paciente com doençde Crohn: relato de caso

Introduction: Anal carcinoma is a rare variant of epithelial tumors of the anal canal. When associated with chronic and active anal fistulas, usually this is an aggressive cancer that has difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Anal fistulas are a common manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma originating from recurrent perianal fistula in patients with CD. Case report: A man of 43 years, with melanoderma, complaining of perianal tumors, anal pain and mucopurulent secretion, the patient was diagnosed with fistulae. Colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process associated with villous polypoid lesion in the colonic and rectal mucosa. In a new episode, where it was diagnosed, chronic colitis of rectum and sigmoid was being prescribed sulfasalazine with improvement. There were relapses and the patient underwent repeated fistulectomias. After investigation, CD was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis showed multiple perineal and gluteal collections, and the patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Anatomopathological exam showed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A new CT showed residual growth of the lesion. The patient was referred to the oncology referral service, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned. The patient developed unfavorably, and his death occurred two months after treatment. (AU)

Introdução: Carcinoma anal é uma rara variante de tumores epiteliais do canal anal. Quando associado a fístulas anais crônicas e ativas, geralmente é um câncer agressivo que possui difícil diagnóstico e mau prognóstico. Fístulas anais são uma manifestação comum da doença de Crohn (DC). Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de adenocarcinoma mucinoso originado de fístula perianal recidivante em paciente com DC. Relato de caso: Homem de 43 anos, com melanoderma e queixas de tumorações na região perianal, dor anal e secreção mucopurulenta, sendo diagnosticada fístula. A colonoscopia evidenciou processo inflamatório crônico associado à lesão polipóide vilosa em mucosa colônica e retal. Em um novo episódio, constatou-se colite crônica em reto e sigmóide, sendo prescrito sulfassalazina com melhora. Houve recidiva do quadro e o paciente foi submetido a repetidas fistulectomias. Após investigação, diagnosticou-se DC. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome e pelve demonstrou múltiplas coleções perineais e glúteas, tendo sido realizada ressecção abdominoperineal do reto. O exame anátomo-patológico evidenciou adenocarcinoma mucinoso invasivo. Nova TC demonstrou crescimento da lesão residual. No serviço de referência oncológica, foram planejadas quimioterapia e radioterapia. O paciente evoluiu desfavoravelmente e veio a óbito após dois meses do tratamento. (AU)